Lite Aerosol Retrievals with Improved Calibration and Retrieval Approaches in Support of Calipso

14 Two of the biggest uncertainties in understanding and predicting climate change are the effects of aerosols and clouds. NASA's satellite mission, CALIPSO (CloudAerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations), will provide vertical, curtain-like images of the atmosphere on a global scale and assist scientists in better determining how aerosols and clouds affect the Earth's radiation budget. The data from a previous space shuttle mission, LITE (Lidar In-space Technology Experiment, launched in Sept., 1994), have been employed to develop algorithms (e.g., spacebome lidar system calibration and aerosol retrievals) in support of CALIPSO. In this work, a new calibration approach for 1064 nm lidar channel has been developed via comparisons of the 532 nm and 1064 nm backscatter signals from cirrus clouds. Some modeling analyses and simulations have also been implemented for CALIPSO's narrow bandwidth receiver filter to quantitatively distinguish Cabannes scattering from the full bandwidth Rayleigh scattering and correct the calibration of 532 nm channel. LITE data were also employed in some analyses with the aim of recovering the estimates of the backscatter ratio, R, of clean air regions. The uncertainties in aerosol retrieval due to different error sources, especially the bias and random errors of the extinction-to-backscatter ratio, Sa, have been investigated. A revised Sa table look-up approach is incorporated with two notable revisions for improved Sa selection, which, as a consequence enable more bounded aerosol retrievals. Approximate but quantitatively useful multiple-scattering corrections are reported using a modeled multiple scattering 15 factor, T), which approximates the reduced attenuation caused by multiple scattering. Assessment of multiple scattering effects for a reasonable range of r\ values is included for a combination of retrieval approaches.